Wednesday, May 8, 2019

The Avengers and The Environment

There's so many depressing headlines these days in the news, about crime, pollution, economies, wars, and the environment. Not to ignore the worldwide importance of everything else that's happening but I want to focus on some environmental headlines lately. Examples include "Permafrost collapse is accelerating carbon release" and "'Crowded out of existence': Up to 1M species at risk of extinction because of human activities, report says" and "Botswana has 'significant elephant-poaching problem,' conservation group says".

See? It's depressing. And upsetting. And just about every other -ing word I can think of.

I can see why Thanos wanted to do that thing he wanted to do.

Okay I'm going to stop for a second to tell you that there are spoilers after this warning so if you have no idea what Thanos did in Avengers: Infinity War (that's the one that came out in 2018) but don't want it spoiled for your future enjoyment, then 1) stop reading, 2) go watch the movie and 3) come back and finish reading!

Carrying on.

I can see why Thanos was disgusted by the overpopulation on his planet, saw the devastation and societal collapse that was coming, and took it upon himself to reduce the universe's population by 50%. Let me clarify that I don't think what he did was a good idea, but I can see where he's coming from. It's tricky, siding with the evil guy in the movie who is also known as the Mad Titan and who also maybe has a point but went about it the wrong way and nobody likes him. Tricky stuff. He think he's right, and justified, and thinks that he SHOULD be able to do it so therefore he just does it. It also echoes of religion zealots and their mission to convert all people to their point of view regardless of what anyone else has to say about it. He thinks he's doing good by eliminating half the universe, so the other half can survive better, instead of all surviving somewhat.

But what Thanos sees on his planet that drives him to genocide is eerily similar to what we are seeing on Earth in 2019. Overpopulation. Diminishing resources. Crashing environments. Pollution. Obviously Thanos isn't real and nobody is advocating that we eliminate half the people. That's insane. But luckily we have some real life Avengers style people fighting off the Thanos-like problem we've created for ourselves.

There are engineers, the Tony Starks of the world, who are genius and brilliant and everyday creating new technology that allows us to grow food more efficiently, more productively, and with no nutrition loss. They develop new and more effective ways to harness wind, solar, and/or thermal energy so we can move to a greener energy future where we use less fossil fuels.

There's crusaders, like Captain America, who do the right thing, always, and inspire you to do the same. These would be environmental activists, NGOs, your local wildlife conservation group, and even environmental lawyers even who are fighting the fight for wildlife, wetlands, fisheries, conservation, and all parts of the environment. We need land managers and biologists who understand what the world needs and what we need to do, and then go do it.

We have enforcers, like Captain Marvel, who are protecting everything they have the power to protect. They are standing up for the people who can't stand up for themselves. Protection is important, and intervention when necessary to these types. Wildlife enforcement officers, game wardens, anti-poaching teams, and rangers are those who go out there, risk their lives, and do their best to protect the resources we have for the future.

All of these different people are working together to solve the problem. Thanos eliminated half of the living universe which is a barbaric solution. In these modern times we can use more elegant solutions like science and technology and education. Be like the Avengers, not like Thanos, and help save the world!

Sunday, April 7, 2019

Climate Change is Real and This is No Time for Arrogance

I keep hearing people debating about the validity of climate change research. It's 2019, and we're still debating something that has been proven over and over again by many scientists. People still don't "believe in climate change". But belief has no chair at the scientific inquiry table. Something either is proven, or it isn't. In this case, climate change IS proven, and has been proven many times over. So why are we still debating if and belief and what if it's not true and all the rest of those skeptical arguments.

There's 2 options for us humans:
1) Do nothing, keep our head in the sand, and pretend like everything is fine.
2) Do everything, make global changes for a better world, and do our best to solve the problem.

Which option do you think will have a better outcome?

Option #2, obviously.

Indulge me for a second, and let's consider something else. We're barreling along an unsustainable path of planetary abuse - pollution, resource consumption, trash everywhere, plastics everywhere, and the list goes on. Even if you ignore climate change and "don't believe in it", we still have a responsibility to do what is right for the planet.

If you disagree, why? My guess is arrogance. The concept that humans have the right to simply use whatever we want (water, air, trees, fish, sharks, any resource) with no respect and with complete disregard for the resource, ourselves, the future, or others is just plain arrogant. It's also disrespectful. Arrogance in the 20th century has gotten us to where we are today, and it has no place in the 21st century or our future.

Let's pretend for a second that in the year 2219 we find out that 97% of the world's scientists were somehow all wrong and that climate change wasn't true after all (but it is, we're just playing pretend in this scenario), but that in 2019 we chose Option #2 because it was the right thing to do. The situation seemed so dire that we took as much progressive, innovative, and clean action as we could for the next 200 years to save the planet the best we could. So that by the time the year 2219 rolls around, we're sitting pretty in a clean world, with loads of biodiversity, with healthy population, with less pollution, healthy coral reefs, and clean air and water. Maybe we lost some species, or land, or reefs, and are a bit warmer than we'd hoped, but ultimately avoiding a catastrophic outcome is a level of success.

Even if we were wrong about climate change, and it wasn't true, the world in 2219 is a much better place than a world where we continued down our current path. So why are we still debating "if" and not doing everything about "how"?

We have so much amazing technology these days that we have the tools to fight climate change. We just need to ACTUALLY DO IT. Let's go, people. Time is running out.

Choosing to do the right thing is not usually the easy decision. It's hard. But it's the right thing to do.

Tuesday, March 19, 2019

Shopping Ban: Month 6 Update + Phase 2 Announcement!

It's now been 6 months since I started the shopping ban, and I think the experiment has been successful. I've saved money, purchased only necessities and the things allowed in my parameters, and I've learned a lot about my choices and my consumer habits. I'm definitely going to continue this experiment but there's a few differences for the next 6 months. 

The first difference is that I am going to rename this. Phase 1 was a pretty broad ban on most shopping, so "shopping ban" was an appropriate name. The ban on shopping was an effort to save money, stop spending unnecessarily, rethink my habits, and to challenge every purchase I was making. I did all that, and am pretty comfortable with my everyday habits at this point. 

Phase 2: Conscientious Consumerism

Phase 2 focuses on limiting consumption overall, avoiding unnecessary spending, striving for zero waste solutions, continuing charitable contributions, making purchases in the most ethical way possible. 

I discovered a few things that I want to tweak moving forward. 

I allowed used books as part of my allowed shopping list in Phase 1, but I want to change it for this next step. Books are my weakness, so my hierarchy for reading is as follows: library (digital or physical), buy used, buy the Kindle digital version, or buy new as a last resort. I often come across books that are not available at the library or used, so I'm allowing Kindle books to be purchased now. The limit will not apply to books for the OC Book Club as those books are allowed in the Allowed Shopping List. I am putting a limit on amount of money per month spent on books though (see Rule #2) so that I don't get crazy. 

I also found myself wanting to support local artists or independent artists who are donating money for a cause. So I am going to allow that under Rule #3. 

So here's my rules for Phase 2, starting 1 April 2019:
1) SAME: I can purchase necessary consumable items from the allowed shopping list, but only when needed. 
--Approved Shopping List: Toiletries, cleaning supplies, pet supplies, home improvement materials, OC book club books, crafting supplies
2) NEW: I'm imposing a limit of $20 per month on books. I will strive to get the book from the library first, but I am now allowed to buy used, Kindle digital, or new [in that order]. 
3) NEW: Allow purchases for a cause or to support local artists. Examples: a piece of jewelry that is made by an independent artist and the proceeds support ocean conservation, or piece of artwork made by a local artist I want to support. 
4) SAME: Travel souvenirs are allowed still. These are typically earrings, fridge magnets, or books from the country I'm traveling in. It's an infrequent purchase and brings me much year round joy to have fun earrings to wear, magnets to remind me of adventures, and books to read. 
5) NEW: Only purchase used clothing primarily. I don't foresee needing much in the way of clothing anytime soon, but I will choose to purchase used clothing first, then responsibly made clothing second. Much of my everyday clothing styles can be purchased used from REI Used, Patagonia Worn Wear, local thrift shops, etc. 
6) SAME: Purchases to replace legitimately worn out items are still allowed, but subject to rule #5 above. 
7) SAME: Gift giving will continue to follow the ethical hierarchy of gift purchases and focus on making memories not stuff. 
--See also: Black Friday 2018
8) NEW: Fitness related purchases are allowed, IF I am replacing something worn out (like running shoes), OR repairing something that is broken (like my bike), OR trying my hand at a new sport and need equipment. 

Monday, March 18, 2019

Taming the Mississippi, Part 5: Nature Fights Back

This is Part 5 of the Taming the Mississippi Series.
Part 1: Wetlands Perceptions
Part 2: Riverine Processes
Part 3: Wetlands Values


"With walls alone, one could only build an absurdly elevated aqueduct. Resistance times the resistance distance amplified the force of nature." - John McPhee, The Control of Nature


In part 4 I talked about all the structures and projects that we humans have built in our folly filled efforts to tame the Mississippi. Mainly those are hundreds of miles of levees, multiple floodways, spillways, damming of distributaries, rerouting of the main channel... The list of what we have built and the trouble we have engineered for ourselves is lengthy. 

Some of those mimic natural parts of an undisturbed river system. Levees are natural, but they're typically short and are formed from heavier sediments dropped first after flood water overtopped the natural channel. Then a natural levee is built. Distributaries are normal - like the Atchafalaya distributing water from the Mississippi. And floodways and spillways are designed to mimic that process in the absence of the real thing. 

So we captured the mighty Mississippi, locked her in levees, blocked off any water escape routes, and thought everything would be fine. 

It didn't exactly go to plan. The Mississippi has massively flooded many times since the 1850s. 

Flooding is a natural process of rivers, and part of how the rivers built their floodplains and deltas in the first place. So of course, disrupting the natural processes would end up wreaking some havoc sooner or later. 

The 1927 flood is sort of the benchmark by which we measure all Mississippi River flooding. If you look at the NOAA gauge at Baton Rouge, the record listed is 47.28ft which was set on 5/15/1927 (link). That year the river did remarkable things, and it "tore the valley apart" (John McPhee, The Control of Nature).  Hundreds of crevasses (breaks in the levee) appeared in levees from Cairo to the Gulf of Mexico, hundreds of people were killed, 26000 square miles of land were covered by Mississippi River floodwaters, and New Orleans was saved from destruction and despair because some guys blew a hole in a levee to relieve pressure.

The flood of 1927 literally did tear the Mississippi River Valley apart. Yet, by water volume, it wasn't anywhere near to being a record amount of water.

But the river broke through it's confinements and spread out across the alluvial plain, just as nature intended. The power of a major river like that is difficult to harness and possibly impossible to contain forever.

The 1927 flood is what sparked the 1928 Flood Control Act, which ultimately resulted in much more aggressive measures to attempt to control the mighty Mississippi and it's raucous floodwaters. Levees were built higher, dams were built, new water distribution methods were developed, and the river channel was straightened and some loops were cut off. In Louisiana, the Bonnet Carre Spillway was built at the site of previous crevasses in the Bonnet Carre area. They also built the Old River Control Structure, the West Atchafalaya Floodway, the Morganza Spillway, and more structures upriver north of Louisiana.

I could write for days about the confinements and manmade methods of distributing water from Mississippi, but my main point is that all of these efforts to contain the river and then distribute water on our terms, leaves many opportunities for the river to fight back.

In 1927 there was such widespread flooding and destruction that a whole new era of management began. In 1973, a similar thing happened and shuttled in another new era of water management.

The 1973 flood was the turning point into maybe realizing that we don't have the river under control as much as we think we do. The flood was massive, and nearly tore down the Old River Control Structure (I talked about this structure in depth in Part 4 of this series).

After realizing that they had almost lost the structure and then would have lost control of the river (lost from the engineering perspective, anyway), the US Army Corps of Engineers had to regroup and rebuild and only narrowly survived the 1983 flood.

In my own lifetime, I've seen the Bonnet Carre being opened every more increasingly to offset flooding pressures on New Orleans. The Morganza Spillway was opened for the first time in 2011. Every time the river floods and the 30% that is diverted through to the Atchafalaya is also high, the Old River Control is tested again and again. The Caernarvon and Davis Pond Diversions also divert water from the Mississippi, but they provide a flux of freshwater to the surrounding marshes and are not primarily designed to alleviate flooding pressure on the levee system.

But there are areas of the river where natural processes are at work. In 1926, the manmade levees for a 10 mile (ish) stretch on the east side of the river were removed to create the Bohemia Spillway. Here, the river is free to move as it pleases, to overtop its own natural levee in times of high water and spill out into the adjacent marshes. Nature didn't exactly fight back to earn it's freedom in this location, but it's certainly taking advantage of the freedom to rebuild marsh and fill in/reclaim old canals.

In 2011, during a wild flood year, a breach in the natural levee of the Mississippi River in the Bohemia Spillway area developed. "Mardi Gras Pass developed from a breach in the road located at the levee crest in May 2011 to a fully connected distributary of the Mississippi River by March of 2012." (source)

Mardi Gras Pass and the Bohemia Spillway are operating as nature intended - water flows over the natural levee during high water, water disperses out the main channel and into the marsh via Mardi Grass Pass, and marshes are built/nourished/resupplied/maintained. It's a beautiful system, and one we are currently trying to replicate with our spillways, diversions, and floodways.

It's too late to reconnect the natural waterways that were formerly distributaries of the Mississippi River. Bayous Manchac, Plaquemine, and Lafourche [which is also an old Mississippi River channel from ~2000 years ago] are all dammed and disconnected from the river. None of those waterways could be connected to the river without disastrous consequences, surrounded as they are by houses, businesses, and other human activities.

It's totally possible that the Mississippi could break down other defenses, but time will tell. We're currently in an unprecedented river flood so it'll be interesting to see what happens as the snow melts and travels downstream. Ultimately, the river will win. Maybe not this year, maybe not for 100 years, but at some point, I expect the lower portion at least of the Mississippi River will flow freely again someday. 

References:
NOAA Mississippi River real time gauge at Baton Rouge
The Control of Nature by John McPhee
Bonnet Carre Crevasse, Wikipedia